As we move deeper into 2025, the world continues to grapple with the evolving nature of COVID-19. Two new variants—LP.8.1 and NB.1.8.1—have emerged, prompting public health authorities to re-evaluate prevention strategies, vaccine updates, and risk assessments. While the global threat of COVID-19 has reduced compared to the pandemic peak, these new variants signal that the virus remains an ongoing challenge. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll dive into everything you need to know about these latest strains, their symptoms, how they differ, and what tools—including the Novavax COVID-19 Vaccine—are being deployed in response.
Understanding COVID-19 Variants: A Brief Overview
Viruses mutate over time, and SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, is no exception. Each mutation leads to a new variant, some of which can be more transmissible, evade immunity, or cause more severe disease.
Since its emergence in late 2019, COVID-19 has given rise to multiple variants—Alpha, Delta, Omicron, and now its subvariants, which include LP.8.1 and NB.1.8.1. These newer variants are descendants of Omicron, continuing its legacy of high transmissibility but mostly milder symptoms.
What Is LP.8.1? The Dominant U.S. COVID Variant in 2025
Origin and Spread
LP.8.1, a subvariant of JN.1, was first detected in late 2024 and has rapidly become the most dominant COVID-19 variant in the United States as of mid-2025. According to the CDC, LP.8.1 now accounts for over 70% of new COVID-19 cases nationwide.
Why Is It Spreading So Fast?
The LP.8.1 variant carries mutations in the spike protein that enhance its ability to bind to human cells, increasing transmissibility. Despite its rapid spread, early research suggests that the variant does not cause more severe illness than its predecessors.
Symptoms of LP.8.1
Most individuals infected with LP.8.1 report symptoms similar to mild flu or a cold:
Sore throat
Nasal congestion
Mild fever
Fatigue
Headache
Occasional cough or sneezing
Who Is Most at Risk?
While healthy individuals may experience only mild symptoms, LP.8.1 poses a more serious risk to:
People over age 65
Individuals with chronic conditions (diabetes, heart disease, etc.)
Immunocompromised individuals
Unvaccinated populations
NB.1.8.1: The Variant Linked to Global Concern
International Spread
NB.1.8.1, another JN.1 subvariant, was initially flagged in Hong Kong and mainland China, where it triggered significant local outbreaks. Since then, it has been detected in multiple countries, including the U.S., Canada, and several European nations.
Detection in the U.S.
The U.S. has confirmed NB.1.8.1 cases at international airports in states like California, New York, and Virginia. Public health officials are monitoring its spread closely.
Symptoms and Severity
Symptoms are largely consistent with LP.8.1:
Mild respiratory symptoms
Low-grade fever
Fatigue
Muscle aches
Sore throat
So far, NB.1.8.1 does not appear to be more deadly or severe but is under observation for potential immune escape capabilities.
How Are These Variants Different from Previous Ones?
| Feature | LP.8.1 | NB.1.8.1 | Delta (2021) | Omicron BA.1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Origin | JN.1 subvariant | JN.1 subvariant | India | South Africa |
| Spread | Very High | High | Moderate | High |
| Severity | Mild to moderate | Mild | Severe | Mild |
| Immune Escape | Moderate | Possible (under study) | Low | High |
Both LP.8.1 and NB.1.8.1 continue the trend of high transmissibility seen in Omicron but thankfully show no evidence of increased lethality at this time.
Latest COVID-19 Updates from Health Authorities
FDA Update (May 2025): The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced that updated COVID-19 vaccines for the 2025–2026 season will target the LP.8.1 variant.
CDC Guidelines: The CDC is advising high-risk populations to continue wearing masks in crowded places and to get the updated booster shot once available.
Hospitalizations and Mortality: While lower than pandemic peaks, COVID-19 is still responsible for over 300 deaths per week in the U.S., mostly among vulnerable groups.
These developments emphasize the importance of staying informed with the latest COVID-19 updates to make timely decisions regarding personal health and safety.
Novavax COVID-19 Vaccine: A Key Tool Against New Variants
Why Novavax Stands Out
Unlike mRNA vaccines like Pfizer and Moderna, the Novavax COVID-19 Vaccine uses a protein-based platform, which some experts believe may be more acceptable to individuals hesitant about mRNA technology.
Effectiveness Against LP.8.1 and NB.1.8.1
Preliminary lab studies indicate that Novavax’s updated formulation shows strong neutralizing activity against LP.8.1 and promising effectiveness against NB.1.8.1 as well.
FDA Approval and Accessibility
In 2025, Novavax received expanded FDA approval for use in adults aged 18 and above. The vaccine is being prioritized for distribution in rural areas and to people with allergies to mRNA vaccines.
Booster Strategy
The CDC recommends a booster dose of the Novavax COVID-19 Vaccine particularly for:
- Adults 65 and older
- People with underlying conditions
- Those who did not respond well to previous vaccines
Testing and Detection of New COVID Variants
PCR and Rapid Antigen Tests
Standard COVID-19 PCR tests still detect infections caused by LP.8.1 and NB.1.8.1. However, genomic sequencing is required to differentiate between variants.
Wastewater Surveillance
Public health departments are also relying on wastewater testing to detect variant trends in real time—offering early warning signs of possible outbreaks.
What Can You Do to Protect Yourself?
1. Get Vaccinated and Boosted
Ensure you’re up to date on your COVID-19 vaccinations. If you’re in a high-risk group, consider getting the Novavax COVID-19 Vaccine booster as soon as it's available.
2. Practice Smart Hygiene
Even in 2025, regular handwashing, avoiding touching your face, and staying home when sick remain crucial.
3. Wear Masks in High-Risk Settings
While mask mandates have largely been lifted, consider masking in:
- Airports and public transport
- Healthcare settings
- Crowded indoor events
4. Stay Informed
Subscribe to trusted sources for the latest COVID-19 updates, including:
- CDC
- WHO
- Local health departments
Global and Economic Implications
The emergence of LP.8.1 and NB.1.8.1 has prompted global discussions on preparedness for future pandemics. Stock markets have shown minor fluctuations tied to vaccine announcements, and the pharmaceutical industry is intensifying efforts to roll out next-gen vaccines.
Meanwhile, governments are debating whether to reinstitute any public health measures or rely solely on voluntary compliance.
Stay Vigilant, Stay Protected
COVID-19 may no longer be the daily threat it once was, but as LP.8.1 and NB.1.8.1 demonstrate, the virus is far from over. With robust vaccination efforts, ongoing surveillance, and clear public communication, we can mitigate the impact of these new variants.
Stay informed with the latest COVID-19 updates and consider the Novavax COVID-19 Vaccine as a powerful tool in your defense against current and future COVID-19 strains.
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